Which statement describes planing as a surface preparation method?

• A. It includes specified texture, grade and cross-slope with variable depth controlled by automatic grade controls
• B. It uses no automatic controls
• C. It removes a fixed amount
• D. It is identical to milling

Answer: (A)

Planing is a surface preparation method that aims to create a prepared base with a specific surface texture, longitudinal grade, and cross-slope, using automatic grade controls to vary the depth of cut as the machine moves. This means the depth isn’t fixed; it adapts to meet the exact texture and geometry targets across the surface, ensuring proper drainage and a good bond with the upcoming overlay. That’s why describing it as having a specified texture, grade, and cross-slope with variable depth controlled by automatic grade controls best captures how planing works. The other statements don’t fit because planing isn’t simply fixed-depth removal, nor is it defined by a lack of controls, and it isn’t exactly identical to milling.