Which pairing correctly matches a surface distress with its typical remedy?

• A. Surface Deformation — Surface profiling, mill defective layer, rut filling.
• B. Block Cracking — Patch and overlay
• C. Slippage Cracking — Route and seal
• D. Distortions — Weathering

Answer: (A)

When a pavement shows surface deformation, the goal is to restore a smooth, uniform surface and regain proper load transfer. The most effective approach is to remove the distorted material with surface profiling (milling) to bring the surface to a uniform plane, then fill any rutting and compact so the new surface can bond properly. This sequence directly targets the irregularities and returns a stable, rideable surface.

Block cracking arises from aging and shrinkage of the asphalt mix. It’s usually addressed by sealing the cracks and, if needed, routing and filling before repositioning or applying a overlay. Simply patching and overlay can hide the cracks and allow water to continue moving beneath the surface, so it’s not as effective a first-line remedy.

Slippage cracking stems from a lack of bond between layers, so solutions that focus on sealing and renewing the bond are typical, but routing and sealing alone don’t directly fix the underlying surface deformation issues.

Distortions caused by weathering and long-term wear are not remedied by weathering itself; resurfacing or full-depth repair is used to restore shape and strengthen the pavement.