OGFC production involves which of the following?

• A. Involves mixing coarse and fine aggregates with no filler
• B. Involves addition of air voids
• C. OGFC production involves insertion of mineral filler and insertion of modifier
• D. It is the final pavement layer only

Answer: (C)

Open-graded friction course production centers on using a mineral filler and a binder modifier in the mix. The mineral filler fills the fine spaces between aggregates, helping the asphalt film form properly and giving the mix enough stiffness to hold together in the open structure. The binder modifier, typically a polymer-modified asphalt, adjusts viscosity and elasticity so the binder coats the large aggregates without draining away and performs well under traffic and temperature changes. This combination creates the highly permeable, skid-resistant surface 특 원 that characterizes OGFC. The other statements don’t fit because OGFC relies on filler to achieve the intended void structure, the production isn’t simply about “inserting air voids” as a separate step, and OGFC isn’t limited to a final pavement layer only but rather is a specially formulated layer placed like other asphalt courses.