In the three A's of hot mix asphalt, which material is not part of the trio?

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Hot mix asphalt relies on three key components: asphalt (the binder), aggregate (the rock and sand that provide structure), and air (the voids within the compacted mix). Cement does not belong in this mix. The asphalt binder coats and glues the aggregate together to form a cohesive, flexible pavement capable of carrying traffic. The aggregate provides the bulk, stiffness, and load-bearing capability. The air voids are the small pockets left after mixing and compaction; they’re essential for allowing the asphalt to fill, enabling workability during placement, and ensuring long-term durability and resistance to moisture. Cement, by contrast, is used for Portland cement concrete or cement-treated bases—producing a different material with different properties—so it’s not part of hot mix asphalt.